Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

This is the place to discuss DLP projectors, UV Lasers, Galvanometers, LCD screens and similar display devices. Also discussed are optics in general.
Oneminde
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Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby Oneminde » Mon Mar 16, 2015 3:13 pm

Hello, I am Oneminde and I am a huge fan or supporter if you like, for everything connected to Monochrome LCD based SLA printers. While some do exist, we are dealing with a technology that is in its infancy and there are many things that needs to be sorted out. If this is the first time you stumble upon this topic, no worries, I will explain to my best effort what this is all about. But first, lets lay down some rules so that everyone is clear on how to communicate and integrate in this tread and development.

- make sure to read and understand these rules. If you are uncertain, ask me (pm) or other members.

1. If you choose to engage, make sure you have a good balance between asking questions and contributing with relevant material - no one likes leechers.
2. Relevant material is all and everything connected to but not limited to Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer. If it is not related to LCD's make sure it is related to SLA and very similar technology's. SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) is not.
3. In your communication, respect the different levels of intellectual skill/limitations to either understand and/or solve different problems and tasks.
4. The word idiot and stupid does not contribute in a constructive way, these words only describe a difference of opinion and or a dislike for something. If you dislike or disagree, use a constructive way to say so.
5. It is not against the rules to disagree or dislike something, but it does not make your opposing opinion fact or the best one.
6. Everything published in this tread is published under the Open Source Initiative: Meaning you as the publisher do not have exclusive rights to the material.
7. Keep a nice structure in the reply, use line numbers, bold text etc to highlight a topic, special area etc.
8. Information that is redistributed must be accredited: Meaning you publish who, when, where and what. If possible, give source link so that others may get access easy.
9. If you can, upload attachments: To upload or re-upload is okay and becomes part of the vault. In case you saw a picture, description, PDF and so forth that you are convinced is important, to store it locally here is beneficial for the future.
10. If you have items to sell - you make them or redistribute them - and they are beneficial to this tread and its members, be very clear and specific about what and why.
11. If you are or represent a company, state so very early on. No sneaky marketing will be allowed. Marketing that is straight to the point is okay.

12. The last and most important one: Be clear, transparent and don't hide your agenda.

If these rules are not followed to your best efforts or you consistently keep breaking them and creating an unpleasant atmosphere, your post can be deleted and in a worst case scenario you can be banned. I'll make sure that these things are transparent and I will always in one way or the other communicate with the individual before such things happen.

Cheer up, rules are placed here to help everyone to not be a d*** :D - So with that being said, lets move on.

Oneminde
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Re: Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby Oneminde » Mon Mar 16, 2015 3:46 pm



The word "monochrome" literally means "one color." Therefore, a monochrome image only includes one color, but may contain many shades. In computing, "monochrome" typically refers to a two-tone image, rather than one with several shades of a single color. For example, a monochrome monitor uses one color for the background and another to display text or images on the screen.

Before color monitors became standard, most computers had monochrome displays. These displays often had a black background with green text, though some displayed text in other colors, such as red or orange. While this may seem like a rudimentary way to display text, it was sufficient for typing documents, since computers still offered more text editing capabilities that a typewriter. Even after color monitors became the norm in the 1980s, monochrome displays were still used for several years as computer terminals. Today, monochrome computer monitors are rare. By the time LCD displays replaced CRTs monitors in the early 2000s, monochrome screens had already been obsolete for several years. Now, even basic terminal displays support a wide range of colors. While you might not see monochrome monitors today, monochrome displays can still be found in other electronics, such as watches, timers, and digital clocks.
NOTE: Monochrome is not the same thing as grayscale. A grayscale image is a type of monochrome image that only contains shades of gray. Additionally, monochrome and black-and-white are two different things. The phrase "black-and-white" may refer to a monochrome image that only includes the colors black and white or a grayscale image with multiple shades of gray.

***
This video show the general function of a Monochrome display, how segments or pixel areas are turned on and off. On = black and Off = white, but white is misleading since it depend on the background light. White is all colours while black is not a colour but rather the absence of light. It is the point of the Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer to be used primarily with UV light source but other frequency's (aka red, blue, green, white and so forth) is no problem.

Transparent display Prototype
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ag9JUY2JwIA

hegykc
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Re: Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby hegykc » Tue Mar 17, 2015 5:24 am

I have a regular laptop lcd panel, and for that you go to ebay, search for lcd controller board that supports the resolution, send the seller some numbers from the back side so they upload the right firmware and you're in business.

Have you done any research if the controller boards from your links are even capable of driving a grayscale monitor? I would assume they aren't. But asking the manufacturers if they have anything, or can make anything that can, can't hurt.
I have zero knowledge about what goes into making an lcd controller board, but I presume ours could be a fair bit simpler then the one needed for a regular color or grayscale monitor, since we need one bit images to be displayed.

Oneminde
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Re: Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby Oneminde » Tue Mar 17, 2015 6:36 am


Oneminde
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Re: Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby Oneminde » Tue Mar 17, 2015 6:37 am

This article was written to give individuals options for when they start looking for Monitors for their LCD-SLA project, but I have included panel information and a few other things. I have added some panel information in this version

****
What I have found so far is that most of these displays are 10, 12 and 14 bit. Such bit resolution requires a special graphical video card, hence why brands such as AMD Firepro, Nvidia Quadro, Realvision and Matrox are used. Normal ATI and Nvidia graphics cards are limited to 8 bit. Looking at Barco’s video cards or controller cards as they are also know, one can see by the design and spec that they are basically AMD Firepro. Some of the cards can be made by other manufacturers as well. 8 bit panels on the other hand can be driven by normal graphics cards. The information vary a bit regarding the information on the panel, so make sure to check the datasheet or request one if it is not available.

This article describes difference about panel bit and colour bit.
http://www.imagescience.com.au/kb/quest ... ut+Support

Barco and NEC monitors are among the most expensive monitors. As you read the info bellow, you will soon discover a red tread an options that are far more economical than Barco and NEC monitors without losing quality.

Here is some information and drivers for the NEC monitors – useful for selecting video cards or controller cards as some like to call it: http://www.necdisplay.com/products/DigitalVideoCards



Eizo RadiForce GX540 - 5MP – 21.3” - 2048 x 2560 -165 μm
Eizo RadiForce GX340 - 3MP 21.3” - 2048 x 1536 - 211.5 μm
Eizo RadiForce GX240 – 2MP 21.3” - 1200 x 1600 – 270 μm

NDS Dome S10 – 10.4MP – 30” – 4096 x 2560 – 158 μm
NDS Dome S3 – 3MP – 21.3” - 2048 x 1536 – 211.5 μm
NDS Dome E5 – 5MP – 21.3” – 2048 x 2560 – 165 μm
NDS Dome E3 – 3MP – 20.8” - 2048 x 1536 – 206 μm

Dome graphics cards: NVidia Quadro, Matrox and AMD Firepro
http://ndssi.com/data/uploads/pdf/084-0 ... ix_USA.pdf

Planar Dome C5i – 21.3” – 5MP – 2048 x 2560 –
Planar Dome C3i – 20.8” – 3MP - 2048 x 1536 - 211.5 μm

Planar and NDS collaborate.

NEC MD215MG – 21.3” – 5MP – 2048 x 2560 - 165 μm
NEC MD212G3 – 21.3” – 3MP – 2048 x 1536 211.5 μm
NEC MD211G5 – 21.3” – 5MP - 2048 x 2560 – 165 μm

Double Black Imaging DBIMX30-LED/ DBIMX30-LED-NDT – 3MP – 2048 x 1536 – 211.5 μm
Double Black Imaging DBIMX50-LED/ DBIMX50-LED-NDT – 5MP – 2048 x 2560 – 165 μm
Double Black Imaging DBI10 – 10.4MP – 4096 x 2560 – 158 μm

U.S Electronics, Inc. (12-14 bit panels)
USEI MS35i2 – 3MP – 2048 x 1536 – 211.5 μm
USEI MS55i2 – 5MP – 2048 x 2560 - 165 μm

Widecorp IF2103MP / MX30 / MX30s – 3MP - 2048 x 1536 – 211.5 μm
Widecorp MX50 / IF2115MP / MX50p / MX50s – 5MP - 2048 x 2560 - 165 μm
Widecorp MW100 – 10.4MP – 4096 x 2560 – 158 μm
Video cards & drivers: http://www.widecorp.com/product/product ... &codeS=02#

Philips Brilliance LCD monitor with Clinical D-image C271P4QPJEW – 27” – 2560 x 1440 – 233.5 μm
Philips Brilliance LCD monitor with clinical D-image C240P4QPYEW/00 - 24” – 1920 x 1200 – 270 μm

AlphaView AVM3N2N – 21.3” – 3MP - 2048 x 1536 211.5 μm
AlphaView AVM5N0N – 21.3” - 5MP – 2048 x 2560 - 165 μm

TOTOKU-GRAYSCALE DISPLAY MS 55I2 - 21.3” - 5MP – 2048 x 2560 - 165 μm
TOTOKU-GRAYSCALE DISPLAY MS 35I2 – 21.3” – 3MP - 2048 x 1536 211.5 μm

Nanjing Jusha Display Technology Co., Ltd. – They have several monitors to choose from. See webpage for info.
http://jushadisplay.en.made-in-china.co ... log-1.html

PACSmate MMD-5201M - 20.1” - 5MP - 2048 x 2560 - 165 μm
PACSmate MMD-3213M 3MP - 21.3” – 3MP - 2048 x 1536 211.5 μm

MedteX offer 2-3 monitors as well, notice 14-bit panel.
http://medtex.com.ua/english-site/monit ... X20s.shtml

KOSTEC – several monitors: http://www.n-kostec.co.kr/eng/page.php? ... &subleft=6


This is needed if you purchase the panel only. This is the communication between the graphics card (PC) and panel control card.
http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/mmc/FM ... 1/PF252131

http://www.digitalview.com/products/lcd ... llers-home

http://www.spectrah.com/german/product/ ... d_6110.htm

http://www.siliconimage.com/

http://www.digikey.com/product-search/e ... ler/525352

Good information on DIB and Graphics cards.
http://www.siliconimage.com/docs/SiI-WP-007-A.pdf

** I am working on unfolding more information about ad-cards, digital interface boards



NVIDIA®’s 10–bit and 12-bit grayscale technology allows these high quality displays to be driven by standard NVIDIA Quadro® graphics boards preserving the full grayscale range. By using “pixel packing” the 10-bit or 12-bit grayscale data is transmitted from the Quadro® graphics board to a high grayscale density display using a standard DVI cable. Instead of the standard three 8-bit color components per pixel, the pixel packing allows two 10 or 12-bit pixels to be transmitted, providing higher spatial resolution and grayscale pixel depth as compared to an 8-bit system.

As specialty hardware is not required, NVIDIA’s 10-bit grayscale technology is readily available for use with other radiology functions and easy to support amongst a wide range of grayscale panels from various manufacturers. In a preliminary study performed on 10 radiologists using Dome E5 10-bit vs. E5 8-bit displays in conjunction with Three Palms 10-bit, OpenGL accelerated WorkstationOne mammography application, radiologists’ performance was statistically significant on the 10-bit enabled display systems, some experiencing triple the read time speedup.

PDF: http://www.nvidia.com/docs/IO/40049/Gra ... it_v03.pdf



http://fireuser.com/images/downloads/AM ... maging.pdf

Here you will find info that AMD is working with several monitor producers. Meaning that Barco use AMD as the base for their video cards, so it is basically the same with the eseption of drivers which in many cases are free from most monitor producers.
http://fireprographics.com/dw/solutions ... /index.asp


First of all, I will start this list with 8 bit panels and the reason for this is that 8 bit allows us to use normal graphics cards like Nvidia GeForce and AMD Radeon. The search was done via panelook.com. This information will give you a very nice understanding of what each panel will give you to work with. I have considered the bit, inches, resolution, microns per pixel area, brand, model and work area for each panel. I have not included the price or recommended Digital Interface Board since this is something one must research to find a good match. The price for the panels and DIB will vary depending on the manufacturer, vendor or seller.


I have listed some vendors for your convenience: http://www.invertercentral.com http://www.vcdisplays.com http://www.alibaba.com

Bit Inches Resolution microns Brand Model Work area (mm)

8 20.8 2048x1536 206 μm/123ppi IDTech ITXQX21 423.9 x 318.0
8 20.8 2048x1536 206 μm/123ppi IDTech ITXQX21G 423.9 x 318.0
8 20.8 2048x1536 206 μm/123ppi IDTech ITXQX21H 423.9 x 318.0
8 20.8 2048x1536 206 μm/123ppi IDTech ITXQX21J 423.9 x 318.0
8 21.3 2048x2560 165 μm/154ppi IDTech IAQS80 337.92 x 422.4
8 21.3 2048x2560 165 μm/154ppi IDTech IAQS80F 337.92 x 422.4
8 20.8 2048x1536 206 μm/123ppi CHIMEI* R208R1-L01 423.9 x 318.0
8 20.8 2048x1536 206 μm/123ppi CHIMEI* R208R1-L01-V2.2 423.9 x 318.0
8 20.1 2048x2560 156 μm/163ppi NLT-NEC NL256204AC15-021 423.4 x 346.5
10 30 4096 x 2560 157 μm/161ppi CHIMEI INNOLUX R300M1-L01 645 X 403

- UPDATED -

8 20.1 2048x2560 156 μm/163ppi NLT-NEC NL256204AM15-01 / 01A / 02A / 03A and 04A 423.4 x 346.5

* CHIMEI is the same as IDTech

In this NEC display PDF, you will find a range of monochrome displays and information about them, be sure to check it. http://www.nec-lcd.com/common/pdf/en/lcdnews_e.pdf

NLT http://www.nlt-technologies.co.jp/en/pr ... nitor.html

Here is a PDF list on panels. I have tried to collect them all. In most cases you can see the model number in the link. Very useful when inspecting the panel and connections for the Digital Interface Board etc.

http://www.beyondinfinite.com/lcd/Libra ... ITQX21.pdf
http://www.beyondinfinite.com/lcd/Libra ... TQX21G.pdf
http://www.beyondinfinite.com/lcd/Libra ... TQX21H.pdf
http://www.beyondinfinite.com/lcd/Libra ... IAQS80.pdf
http://www.beyondinfinite.com/lcd/Libra ... AQS80F.pdf
http://www.beyondinfinite.com/lcd/Libra ... R1-L01.pdf
http://www.displayalliance.com/storage/ ... M15-01.pdf
http://www.encore-electronic.com/media/R300M1-L01.pdf
- Edit -
http://www.eltech.spb.ru/files/item/NL2 ... 01-01A.pdf and http://www.nlt-technologies.co.jp/commo ... ct_06e.pdf

This list does necessarily list all of the available panels, but I can conclude with that IDTech, CHIMEI, CHIMEI INNOLUX and NLT-NEC are the largest and most used Monochrome panels. Philips have two monitors available.
Even if most of the panels are 8 bit, I will recommend that you look at a Quadro or Firepro card. Since these monitors will not be used for games, the large frame buffer memory type’s is not required and 512 - 1GB should be sufficient.
If you are even more curious about monitor and panel info, you can read this very useful article on page 21,22 and 23. Here, monitor manufacturer display in depth information. http://editiondigital.net/publication/?i=118337&p=22

Time to recap.

What I have found is that there are plenty of substitutes for Barco. For some reason, Barco like to think they are special, looking at the $10-30K prices they charge for their monitors, NEC is not far behind either.

We have monitor options and the listed brands and models do appear on the used market. However, a used monitor is after all used and no guaranty’s or seldom is given. Refurbished monitors can give you a better deal, but they are also very expensive. Looking at the price for a refurbished monitor many times exceed the price of 2-3 DLP SLA printers and it quickly becomes unfeasible.

Used monitors:

Pros:
• Can be found cheap and there is a large range to choose from.
• Is a complete package with Display Interface Board.
Cons:
• No guarantee – might last one week or 5 years.

New panels.

Pros:
• The panel is new and can be found for a fraction of the monitor cost.
• Allow us to choose Digital interface Board.
• Since the parts are new and perhaps readily available, it can be repeated.
• Most if not all will work with AMD Firepro and/or Nvidia Quadro cards and some will work with Radeon and GeForce.
Cons:
• You need to understand more on what is going on.
• This setup cost more than used panels.
• … I am sure there are more but cannot find them.

Regarding drivers, there should not be any issues here since most producers will refer you to drivers or have them available on their webpage completely free. Don’t take my words on anything but instead do your own research so that you are comfortable and happy with your choice. I take no responsibility for the information given here; it is shared so that you can enhance your own knowledge.

Looking at the panel list, two are clearly the winners.

8 20.1 2048x2560 156 μm/163ppi NLT-NEC NL256204AC15-021 423.4 x 346.5
10 30 4096 x 2560 157 μm/161ppi CHIMEI INNOLUX R300M1-L01 645 X 403

R300M1-L01 is the one that gives the largest work area without any doubts. It is also a new panel and 10 bit. Immediately we know that it requires a higher grade graphics card and is probably one of the more expensive one. Depending on the price of the NLT-NEC panel, the R300M1-L01 is either a good or poor choice. The other aspect to consider is the desired build area and how often you think or believe you will need to build new or upgrade your SLA printer.

My view is that I want to build a printer that gives me the best value for my money without sacrificing quality. The X & Y resolution varies between 206-156 μm and lower is always better. But the overall cost vs print resolution and work area is something. The Z resolution is often decided the stepper motor and the slicer so one must also consider these things.

When it comes to computing power of the system, it is fairly safe to say that a 2/4 core 3-4 GHz CPU and 8-16 MB ram together with the selected GPU on an m-ATX motherboard is more than sufficient. A Laptop should neither be anyproblems.

Oneminde
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Re: Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby Oneminde » Tue Mar 17, 2015 9:40 am



NEWS
Carbon3D Unveils Breakthrough CLIP 3D Printing Technology, 25-100X Faster

Source; http://3dprint.com/51566/carbon3d-clip-3d-printing/

Real time video:

In what may be one of the biggest stories we have covered this year, a new company, Carbon3D has just emerged out of stealth mode, unveiling an entirely new breakthrough 3D printing process, which is anywhere between 25 and 100 times faster than what’s available on the market today.The privately-held Redwood City, California-based company, Carbon3D, was founded in 2013, and since then has been secretly perfecting a new 3D printing technology which promises to change the industry forever. The technology that the company calls Continuous Liquid Interface Productiongo technology (CLIP) works by harnessing the power of light and oxygen to cure a photosensitive resin. Sounds an awful lot like Stereolithography (SLA) technology, doesn’t it? While it uses principles we see within a typical SLA process, where a laser or projector cures a photosensitive resin, Carbon3D’s CLIP process strays greatly from the technology that we are all used to seeing.
Instead of printing an object layer-by-layer, which leads to incredibly slow speeds as well as a weak overall structure similar to that of shale, this new diaprocess harnesses light as a way to cure the resin, and oxygen as an inhibiting agent, to print in true 3-dimensional fashion.

Image

“Current 3D printing technology has failed to deliver on its promise to revolutionize manufacturing,” said Dr. Joseph DeSimone, CEO and Co-Founder, Carbon3D. “Our CLIP technology offers the game-changing speed, consistent mechanical properties and choice of materials required for complex commercial quality parts.”

By bringing oxygen into the equation, a traditionally mechanical technique for 3D printing suddenly becomes a tunable photochemical process which rapidly decreases production times, removes the layering effect, and provides a technology which may just take 3D printing to the next level. The CLIP process relies on a special transparent and permeable window which allows both light and oxygen to get through. Think of it as a large contact lens. The machine then is able to control the exact amount of oxygen and when that oxygen is permitted into the resin pool. The oxygen thus acts to inhibit the resin from curing in certain areas as the light cures those areas not exposed to the oxygen. Thus the oxygen is able to create a ‘dead zone’ aa4within the resin which is as small as tens of microns thick (about the diameter of 2-3 red blood cells). In this subsection of the resin, it is literally impossible for photopolymerization to take place. The machine will then produce a series of cross sectional images using UV light in a fashion similar to playing a movie.

For those of you who are thinking right now, “This company must be a fluke. After all, how could they have created such a breakthrough 3D printing technique but we’ve yet to hear a peep from them,” the next tidbit of information will certainly diminish your doubts.

Carbon3D has managed to partner with Sequoia Capital, one of the oldest and most successful venture capital firms on the planet, to lead their Series A round of financing in 2013, and with Silver Lake Kraftwerk for their Series B round. In total, they have raised $41 million to date, all practically under the radar.

“If 3D printing hopes to break out of the prototyping niche it has been trapped in for decades, we need to find a disruptive technology that attacks the problem from a fresh perspective and addresses 3D printing’s fundamental weaknesses,” said Jim Goetz, Carbon3D board member and Sequoia partner. “When we met Joe and saw what his team had invented, it was immediately clear to us that 3D printing would never be the same.”

The CLIP process was originally developed by the company’s CEO, Joseph DeSimone, along with his colleagues Professor Edward Samulski, and Dr. Alex Ermoshkin. It’s going to be very interesting to see just how this technology ultimately plays out, and when it may come to market. Now that the company is out of stealth mode, will the larger players within the space try acquiring them? Let’s hear your thoughts on this breaking story in the Carbon3D forum thread on 3DPB.com

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his new 3D printing technology looks like science fiction. But it's entirely real — the scientists who created it were inspired by the futuristic liquid metal in the movie Terminator 2.Joseph DeSimone and the other University of North Carolina scientists who describe it in a new paper published today in Science call it "continuous liquid interface production." (They've also founded a new company called Carbon3D to sell the printer.) Unlike conventional 3D printing, their printer continuously forms a new object, rather than printing it in layers. As a result, they say, it's much faster than conventional 3D printing (it takes minutes, instead of hours). This could finally bring the big advantage of 3D printing — that it lets you easily customize or tweak designs by making changes to software, rather than building new manufacturing machines — to mass consumer products.

Image

The resin solidifies when ultraviolet light hits it (a process called photopolymerization). So to create the desired item, a projector underneath the resin pool shoots UV light, in the form of a series of cross-sectional images of the object. Light, in a sense, is the blade that the printer uses to sculpt its products. Meanwhile, oxygen prevents this reaction from occurring — so to stop the object from simply hardening and sticking to the floor of the pool, there's a layer of dissolved oxygen there, creating an ultra-thin "dead zone" at the very bottom.

With the projector and platform in sync, the object forms as it moves upward, with new resin continuously solidifying just above the dead zone. Right now, the printer is still a prototype, used by Carbon3D to print mainly demonstration objects. Carbon3D hasn't said how much it'll cost, but it does plan to begin selling the printers to companies in about a year.

Can continuous 3D printing really change the world?

3D printing in general is exciting for one big reason: it lets you customize objects or introduce new product designs simply by altering software (that is, the data the printer uses to make the object), rather than having to retrofit the molds or other hardware used to make the actual object.

For this reason, lots of people have speculated that 3D printing could revolutionize manufacturing, or alternately lead to people printing their own goods at home instead of buying them at stores. But so far, it's mostly been a niche process, used for prototypes, models, and other individually-crafted items.

One of the reasons is that it's pretty slow. Conventional 3D printers usually take several hours to print an object — because with most printing methods, they need to individually treat each new layer of material after it's put down so that the next layer can be put down on top of it.

"THE NEW METHOD WORKS IN MINUTES, RATHER THAN HOURS"

The new method is much faster because it works continually, instead of in layers, eliminating this step. As a result, it works in minutes, rather than hours — 25 to 100 times faster, its creators say, than conventional 3D printing.

The lack of layers also makes the products of this new method stronger. That's because they're solid objects, rather than layers of material stacked together.

These two factors, Carbon3D says, could make its technology practical for mass-producing common products — like, say, a toothbrush that you buy in a store. In theory, it could combine the flexibility of 3D printing with the speed and strength of old-school injection molding — the current standard for mass-producing many types of products and parts, especially plastic ones.

However, people have said similar things about conventional 3D printing, but that still hasn't happened. And that's not just because of time. Conventional 3D printing falls into a bit of a gap between potential uses — it's still far more expensive than manufacturing goods the old-fashioned way, but the printers are still mostly too complex for the average person to use at home.

For it to succeed where conventional 3D printing hasn't, Carbon3D's technology will have to solve one of these problems. Its creators are betting that it'll end up being cheap and reliable enough to use in mass-producing goods, but right now, it's still a prototype — so we'll have to wait and see.
***

I will continue debating this in a new post this afternoon.

Oneminde
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Re: Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby Oneminde » Tue Mar 17, 2015 11:19 am

We All Know 3D, But What Would 4D Look Like?

Interesting video - still on the topic :D

http://www.wimp.com/whatwould/

hegykc
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Re: Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby hegykc » Tue Mar 17, 2015 11:40 am

Hold on, my mind is still blowing up by this Teflon FA stuff :D

I'm doing some UV led placement drawings about light dispersion angles and distance from the lcd, so I'll put in my part soon.

But if we could get a cheaper grayscale solution, bundeled with the Teflon FA tensionVat, that would be the jackpot we've all been waiting for.

Oneminde
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Re: Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby Oneminde » Tue Mar 17, 2015 11:53 am


Oneminde
Posts: 51
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Re: Monochrome LCD SLA 3D Printer.

Postby Oneminde » Tue Mar 17, 2015 7:39 pm



I am continuing on the Carbon3D related articles in an attempt to “solve” what it is they are both talking about and trying to solve. There is also a few other topics I want to cover. Carbon3D is essentially talking about a surface technology that prohibits the cured resin to stick, essentially a non-stick surface like Teflon on a frying pan. With that in mind, it is quite clear that cured resin adhere to the VAT surface and that this must be solved, so let’s look at that first.

Here is their webpage http://carbon3d.com/

Key points from the articles.

• Between 25 and 100 times faster than what’s available on the market today.
• Continuous Liquid Interface Production technology (CLIP)
• Works by harnessing the power of light and oxygen to cure a photosensitive resin.
• SLA based.
• Use light as a way to cure the resin, and oxygen as an inhibiting agent.
• By bringing oxygen into the equation, a traditionally mechanical technique for 3D printing suddenly becomes a tuneable photochemical process which rapidly decreases production times.
• Removes the layering effect.
• The CLIP process relies on a special transparent and permeable window which allows both light and oxygen to get through.
• The machine then is able to control the exact amount of oxygen and when that oxygen is permitted into the resin pool. The oxygen thus acts to inhibit the resin from curing in certain areas as the light cures those areas not exposed to the oxygen.
• Thus the oxygen is able to create a ‘dead zone’ (layer).
• Small as tens of microns thick. One micron (1 µm) is 0.001 mm, so 1/10’th of that would equal 0.0001 which is extremely thin. The article then mentions: about the diameter of 2-3 red blood cells. A typical human erythrocyte (red blood cell) has a disk diameter of approximately 6.2–8.2 µm. So if you take the 2-3 blood cell’s diameter you end up with 12.4 µm to 24.6 µm which certainly not is 1/10’th of a micron but rather 1-2/10 of a mm which seems to be more correct.
• Unlike conventional 3D printing, their printer continuously forms a new object, rather than printing it in layers.
• Tweak designs by making changes to software, rather than building new manufacturing machines
• The resin solidifies when ultraviolet light hits it (a process called photopolymerization). So to create the desired item, a projector underneath the resin pool shoots UV light, in the form of a series of cross-sectional images of the object. Light, in a sense, is the blade that the printer uses to sculpt its products. Meanwhile, oxygen prevents this reaction from occurring — so to stop the object from simply hardening and sticking to the floor of the pool, there's a layer of dissolved oxygen there, creating an ultra-thin "dead zone" at the very bottom.
• With the projector and platform in sync, the object forms as it moves upward, with new resin continuously solidifying just above the dead zone.
• The new method is much faster because it works continually, instead of in layers, eliminating this step.
• The lack of layers also makes the products of this new method stronger. That's because they're solid objects, rather than layers of material stacked together.

This is a fairly big topic and I’m guessing, a concern among people building and using 3D printers. For one, I’d like to start with the elephant in the room which is the production time and the result, aka surface and strength of the object.
Layers, build time and how too is something I’ve been thinking about for a long time without really looking at the practicality of it all, but will give it an attempt now.

Let’s start with the basic.


Source; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereolith ... Technology
Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process which employs a vat of liquid ultraviolet curable photopolymer "resin" and an ultraviolet laser to build parts' layers one at a time. For each layer, the laser beam traces a cross-section of the part pattern on the surface of the liquid resin. Exposure to the ultraviolet laser light cures and solidifies the pattern traced on the resin and joins it to the layer below.

After the pattern has been traced, the SLA's elevator platform descends by a distance equal to the thickness of a single layer, typically 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm (0.002" to 0.006"). Then, a resin-filled blade sweeps across the cross section of the part, re-coating it with fresh material. On this new liquid surface, the subsequent layer pattern is traced, joining the previous layer. A complete 3-D part is formed by this process. After being built, parts are immersed in a chemical bath in order to be cleaned of excess resin and are subsequently cured in an ultraviolet oven.
- end –

Laser sintering (SLS) which is a cousin of the SLA use the laser point stimulation to cure the resin, it creates vector points in a 3 dimensional space by adding energy (photon packages) to the photopolymer which reacts and creates molecular bonds and hardens. The disadvantage of this is that you get many clusters that clump together and appears as a solid object when looking at it. The surface area will also due to this become highly textured. Similar to what you can see in the picture.

Image



Left is raw item while the one on the right has been sandblasted to polish the surface info: Shapeways. Shapeways use several types of technology's where one is the Polyjet version. Formlab Form1+ use the laser based type of SLA.

Image


Image


You can clearly see the texture and voxel based surface in this picture and its a rather big issue. They create vector clusters in the order of 300 µm (0.3 mm / 0.0118 ") on the X & Y axis while the Z axis (layer axis) is in the order of 25 - 200 µm. It is possible to see 100 µm with the naked eye and sometimes depending on the light etc, between 50-100 µm is not that big of a challenge, but under 50 µm starts to become more difficult if not impossible for most people.

"Experts believe that the naked eye — a normal eye with regular vision and unaided by any other tools — can see objects as small as about 0.1 millimeters. To put this in perspective, the tiniest things a human being can usually see with the naked eye are things like human hair (with the naked eye and under a microscope) and lice (with the naked eye and under a microscope)." - See more at: http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-is- ... Rt2d1.dpuf

So lets use an average here and say 75 µm which is in the middle of 50 and 100 µm. To get some perspective on microns and how it impacts the surface of our items, lets re post one photo from the article earlier.

Image

First of all, the pictures under row C is under a microscope. I have a micrometer that I use to evaluate the microns mentioned here. 25 µm distance is not that difficult to see. Lets go down to 12.5 µm which is half and I'll admit that it is getting close to the limit of what my eye can detect at an arms length. So lets use a round number and say 10 µm and that is my personal limit. Keep these two numbers in mind, (25 and 10) they are important in relationship to what we can do on the Z axis because there are limitations but also ways to get around them in the software which I will get back to.

Now, lets start with one "fixed" issue that is out starting point regarding layer growth and remember, I do not have any inside info on tricks or solutions Carbon3D utilises here so I am only going to use my own form for speculation and collected data to get to the conclusion you are about to read. So what is our first limitation ? well, that has to be the photopolymer.

"The exposure time, % of photo initiator and % of photo inhibitor all work together to create the layer thickness. With a 2700 lumen DLP projector this resin will cure a 0.1mm thick layer in 2 to 4 seconds." 3dink
This is the starting point for my speculation.

0.1 mm = 100 µm, so lets use the higher number of 4 sec. 4 sec = 4000 ms. So: distance over time = 100 µm / 4000 ms = 0.025 µm/ms. a 2 sec curing time = 0.0125 µm Can we get down to that stepper motor resolution ?

Image


Indeed we can. Curing at a layer thickness of 0.025 µm is not an issue. In clear text: We can create a 0.025 µm layer during 1 ms. So by simply looking at what motor resolution we can get and how long X distance (0.025 µm) on the Z axis takes for the photopolymer to cure said layer thickness, to create a situation where you have a continues motion or very close to a continues motion should not be a problem. We can even afford to have a few ms break between the images. Do note here that there is another element that I have not encountered for and that is the energy in the equation. So we do have that to consider at a later time. But lets assume right here and now that we do have required energy, we know exactly how much is needed and we have a stepper motor and gearbox situation that allow us to have a very thin layer, ridiculous thin... lol

As long as the photopolymer properly cures which is related to energy and time, to seamless continue to the next layer should not be that difficult. Remember that the layer surface is not a dead stop for the light, it will affect the already cured area and on a distance, so the curing will continue for lets say half the energy as originally were needed but this energy amount might well be above the minimum requiered. And yes it will to some degree affect the photopolymer under/over the resin build surface.

If the software allows it: a slice of 0.025 µm is not a problem. It is a software and not a physical machine. There should not be any restrictions on how many slices you can generate and if there are, one should address that. The other thing which is related to speed is the energy. Lets play with the number 1 watt. 1 W is the required energy to cure all the molecular bonds on each molecular level. If you increase this to 2 W, you are increasing the speed as well. Now ofc, there are limitations to reaction times and there is always an upper speed limit, but I do not think we to look at that atm, and besides, such fine calculations is nothing I can deal with atm.

So, we can generally find the curing time and we can find the energy required (comes together with chemical datasheet) and we can find and control the resolution on the Z axis. So with all of this sort of in place, why are people dealing with 100-300 µm layers or more ? I am not saying that 0.025 µm is practical, lets jump to 1 µm as a practical number or even 15 µm. 15 µm seams like Mount Everest .. LOL, but I am rather confident that all of this can be solved.

So continues growth or seemingly continues is perhaps not as solid as we think by reading the article. I have speculated and even done some simple math to show what is involved for each layer, so if each layer even under a microscope seam to be seamless and continues, is that then not a trick ?

However, there is a real thing if we look at layer bonding. That if each layer is bonded with one another where the molecules are allowed to "grab" or stick together in a chemical bond rather than via surface tension between the layers, then certainly the object will become stronger over all. So there is something to continues growth beyond the visual appearance to the customer.

***
So that is me looking at the growth. Now for the other topic which is: The problem of the cured resin to stick to the VAT surface (?). We know that the growth happen in 4 dimensions. We can manipulate or influence all 4 besides the pixel segments on the Y & X axis which so far is limited to around 156 µm or (0.15 mm). But few items will have a footprint smaller than this and one need a material that will support such thin structures. That limit is often 300 µm (0.3 mm) so 156 µm on the Y & X axis might not be an issue at all. Regarding the growth on the Z axis, if you know the speed of solid layers creation and you control the Z axis speed and these are calibrated, then you surely must be capable of moving the Z axis or build surface in such a way that the build surface remains more or less stationary in 3D space.

Look at it this way: We control the growth, we know when and why. If everything is calibrated and working at its optimum, then would create a situation were the objects surface builds all the way to the VAT surface ? am I missing something ????

As far as I know, oxygen is not a part of the molecular bond creation, light is - see picture.

Reichmanis, Elsa; Crivello, James (2014). "Photopolymer Materials and Processes for Advanced Technologies". Chem. Mater. 26: 533–548.


Image


So if oxygen is not part of the chemical reaction - added oxygen that is - then the text is a bit misleading. You can certainly not introduce oxygen in the photopolymer outside the desired curing are, there is no way to control such things, and if you expand the curing area to the previous oxygen saturated polymer you would need to remove it and such an approach is simply not feasible. So the oxygen layer must be a way to prevent the solidified material to stick or adhere to the VAT surface. You can certainly not use pressurised air under the photopolymer, that would create microscopic air pockets inside the photopolymer as it cures and over all weaken the structure. Glass is a solid and not oxygen or air permeable. However, there are plastics, known as Mylar (Biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate) that is O2 permeable. You can certainly not introduce oxygen in the photopolymer outside the desired curing are, there is no way to control such things.

And you need photopolymer under the object since that is the place where you take material from to build a new one.

- What Gas Permeable Contact Lenses Are Made Of

Gas permeable contacts, also called GP or RGP lenses, are rigid (hard) contact lenses. Like hydrogels used for soft lenses, materials used to create GP contact lenses also are "gas permeable," allowing oxygen to pass through the lenses to the cornea. Unlike soft lenses, however, rigid gas permeable lenses do not contain significant amounts of water. Instead, GP lenses rely on their microscopically porous nature to transmit oxygen to the cornea. Prior to the development of GP lenses in the 1970s, conventional hard contact lenses were made of a hard plastic material called polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Though PMMA has excellent optical qualities, durability and biocompatibility, it has no oxygen permeability, and many people could not tolerate or safely wear PMMA hard contact lenses for this reason. Gas permeable contact lens materials generally are classified according to their "Dk" value, which is a measure of their oxygen permeability. Materials with a high Dk transmit more oxygen to the eye than those with a low Dk value:

Low Dk is < 12
Medium Dk is 15-30
High Dk is 31-60
Super Dk is 61-100
Hyper Dk is > 100

The first modern GP lenses to gain wide acceptance were made of an oxygen permeable material called silicone acrylate (SA). These lenses were introduced in the late 1970s under the brand name Polycon and had a Dk value of 12. Since then, new gas permeable lens materials have been developed that provide greater oxygen transmissibility, enabling even overnight wear of GP contacts.



And here is such a sealing film or layer wich Carbon3D talks about: http://www.thomassci.com/Supplies/Plate ... 0Permeable
Image

- Gas permeable
- Clear mylar
- Adhesive-backed film
--------------------------

You need a solid transparent surface, glass or plastic. They are using the SLA-DLP principle. CLIP does not eliminate what goes into SLA printing. You then have the Mylar gas permeable film followed by the photopolymer ontop of that just like we saw in one of the illustrations. So perhaps Carbon3D has found a good solution to prevent the object to stick to the VAT surface, but they have certainly not changed the chemistry. I explained how the growth surface can be maintained and fixed at a specific hight from the VAT surface, does that then eliminate Carbon3D's technique ? Ww shall see, in due time.

************************

Some of the information is borrowed from another debate over at b9creator.com/forum.




hoytyeatman@yahoo.com
Hi There:
I now understand how Mike says the PDMS inhibits the cure via a permeable surface to oxygen. Mike's quote is below.

"PDMS inhibits cure because it permeable to oxygen. Oxygen diffuses from the atmosphere into the PDMS material. The oxygen present on the surface of the PDMS inhibits cure of the resin in contact with the surface. That leaves a microscopic lubricating layer of uncured resin. Any substance that is optically clear and oxygen permeable should work, but I've not found any others, yet."

I am having some laser cut Acrylic VAT parts made and will be using a "Water White Glass Plate" Window 4" x 5.13" instead of Acrylic for better cleaning without the micro scratches.
http://www.waterwhiteglass.com/

I am also looking for an Adhesive film that is gas permeable that might work as the release instead of PDMS. Possible example:

http://www.thomassci.com/Supplies/Plate ... 0Permeable

I believe there must be some Adhesive films out there that can replicate what the PDMS is doing to inhibit the cure of the resin at the contact point. Any thoughts or leads on materials to test would be appreciated.

Best,
Hoyt

"Welcome to Water White Glass More Information

Water white, low iron, ultra clear glass transmits 98% to 99% of light, and is anti-glare and ant-reflective coated. This glass is becoming very important to the movie theater industry, as the industry turns to digital equipment. Used as a theater glass, our water white glass outperforms other ultra clear products. We use a process that insures defect free glass. Other typical uses of water white glass are in display cases and photo booths. Thicknesses are available in 3mm, 6mm and 10mm. Water White Glass under 3mm thick transmits 99% of visible light, while over 3mm thick transmits 98% of visible light. Sizes are available up to 6' X 8'. Use our contact form to request a quote. Please include size and thickness specifications.

Water white clear glass (98% transmission) has a variety of other potential uses. One use for this clear glass is for displaying graphics and art on the glass. Water white clear glass can be used for the application of silk-screen images. The glass is so clear and anti-reflective that it is transparent to the image. From a short distance the graphics or art appears to float. Water white glass is available as tempered product. Hydrophobic coating is also available to repel dust, dirt, water and oil build-up"


*************************************
Lead free glass by the way will give you the same or similar clear low distortion we probably need.

"Starfire Clear Glass is a lead free, low iron product that represents the very best in making glass trophies, although not clear enough to be called "crystal". Aslight blue tint is evident in the mostly-clear products.
A kind of super-clear low iron glass; also called low-iron glass and high-transparent glass; a sort of high-quality, multi-functional new up-market glass with light transmittance of 91% or more; featured by crystal clear, nobleness and elegance; known as "Crystal Prince" in the glass family. G-Crystal ultra-clear glass shows extraordinary talents in the building field for its crystal-like high quality, performing greatly in energy conservation and environmental protection, lighting buildings with fashionable avant-garde architectural styles and design concepts, and motivate designer's creativity and inspiration to fully unfold the high grade and fashion sense of modern architecture."


There we go, clear as lead free glass ... lol

The b9creator debate raises something that is both of interest to me personally and useful:

Question; How do the other DLP printers get around the PMDS layer? Just wondering?

Answer; There are some DLP 3d printers that print from bottom up, meaning the projector is on the top shining down on a bath of resin and curing one layer at a time while the build platform is slowly lowered. Those don't need any PDMS, just lots of resin[/b].

- See the whole debate; http://b9creator.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=890

Image

ImageImage

To see this in action, search EnvisionTEC Ultra on Youtube. Here is a demonstration;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1louDxSNpY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjFYWzbg0ho

If you find flaws in my analyse, do mention it. This is for now only on a theoretical level.


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